Dotazník na výskum zmien v pohrebných obyčajach

Jarovce

Vaše osobné údaje Pasportizácia

1. Vaše ctené meno a priezvisko ? ( za slobodna ) ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. Presná adresa, bydlisko ? ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

3. Vaše zamestnanie, náboženské vyznanie, národnosť ? _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

4. Vaši rodičia sú pôvodný, alebo prisťahovaný ? ( uveďte ctené mená rodičov matku za slobodna ) _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

5. Miesto a dátum ich narodenia ? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 12199lpp11ern3j

6. Ich zamestnanie, náboženské vyznanie, národnosť ? __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

A. Zákazy, ktorých prestúpenie privoláva smrť

1. Čo sa hovorilo o človeku , ktorý prenocoval v novom dome, alebo ktorý prvý krát zakúril do novej pece ? _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. Prečo bránili pavúka zabiť v dome alebo domáceho hada ? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

3. Prečo alebo kedy sa nemala zabiť žaba ? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ pr199l2111errn

4. Je výskyt žaby v dome alebo v jeho blískosti negatívnou predzvesťou a v akom zmysle ? _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

5. Poznáte iné zákazy, ktorých prestúpenie mohlo privolať smrť ? _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

B. Znamenia a veštby počas roka

1. Pozorujete na Štedrý večer, kto má aký tieň, a určuje sa podľa jeho intenzity ďalší život prítomných ? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. Ktoré daľšie veštby zamerané na zdravie, chorobu či úmrtie boli ďalej známe ? _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

3. Ako sa veštilo pomocou jabĺk, orechov, uhlíkov soli a iných predmetov zdravie a dĺžka života? _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

4. Ktoré praktiky veštenia sa používali v predvečer Jána? _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

C. Sny

1. Aké snové predstavy sa vykladali ako predzvesť smrti ? Pôvod týchto vedomostí tradícia, kalendárne tlačené snáre, iné ? _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. Ktoré sny veštili smrť v blízkom okolí ? ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

D. Predpovede podľa zvierat a vtákov

1. Ktoré zvieratá ohlasovali smrť, kedy a akým spôsobom ? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. Ako inak kukučka ohlasovala smrť, kuká pri západe slnka, letí z východnej strany, sedí na dome ? _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

3. Čo sa hovorilo ak sova alebo kuvik sa po viac nocí ozývajú v blízkosti domu ? ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

4. Aké iné predpovede podľa zvierat poznáte ? ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

5. Ktoré úkazy boli považované za predzvesť úmrtia ? ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

6. Po poslednom pomazaní zhasli sviecu, pozorovali smer dymu prečo, čo to znamenalo ? ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

E. Uľahčenie skonu

1. Akým spôsobom sa snažili prítomný uľahčiť respektíve urýchliť skonávanie ? ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. Čomu sa pripisuje ťažké skonávanie ? _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

3. Čo sa hovorilo ak pri skone bola búrka, dážď metelica ? _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

F. Obriadenie mŕtveho

1. Ako sa zisťovalo či je človek naozaj mŕtvy ? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. Kto a čím zatlačil nebohému oči, prečo nemali ostať otvorené ? _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

3. Kto obriadil zomrelého rodina niekto cudzí, kde sa vyliala voda po jeho umytí ? _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

4. Čo sa robilo s ostatnými vecami, ktoré prišli do styku s mŕtvym ( handrička, uterák, britva ) ? ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

5. Verilo sa, že ak na nebohého budú hovoriť menom bude jeho telo poddajnejšie a ľahšie ho oblečú? _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

6. Čo mu dali do rúk do vrecka ? ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

7. Dával sa pod hlavu zomrelého chlieb ? _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

8. Aký je miestny termín pre zomrelého mŕtveho umrlca, zomrelého. ? __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

9. Verilo sa, že na prvú noc odchádza duša ku sv. Barbore ? ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

10. Z čoho sa skladalo oblečenie mŕtveho mŕtvej bolo slávnostné ? _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

G. Truhla

1. Z akého dreva sa robila ? __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. Aký tvar mali truhly ? môžete aj načrtnúť . ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

3. Čim boli zdobené farbené ? __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

4. Čím sa líšili truhly vzhľadom na vekové kategórie pohlavie ? _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

5. Ako sa volá palica, ktorou sa meral zomrelý, a zhotovovala sa podľa nej truhla ? __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

H. Uloženie nebohého do truhly

1. Kto priniesol truhlu ? __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. Dávali sa do truhly ochranné rastliny (cesnak), predmety aké ? A ako sa jednotlivé veci odôvodňovali ? _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

3. Dávala sa chlapom pálenka, fajka, tabak ? __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

4. Čo dávali žene, deťom, človeku ktorý by mohol po smrti škodiť ? _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

5. Dávala sa do truhly podkova alebo iné železo ? __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

6. Z akého materiálu bola plachta a ako bola ozdobená, presahovali jej konce okraj truhly ? __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

I. Dom a obec od skonu do pohrebu

1. Čo považovali prítomní hneď po skone za svoju prvú povinnosť, prípadne hneď ďalšie povinnosti? _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. Keď niekto zomrel v noci zvykli pobudiť všetkých vrátane malých detí prečo ? _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

3. Zvykli pri skone otvoriť oblok, alebo naopak zatvoriť ho a prečo ? _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

4. Zastavujú sa pri skone v dome hodiny a prečo ? _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

5. Nechal sa zomierajúci umrieť doma ? _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

6. Prečo a čím sa zakrývajú zrkadlá a dokedy to tak ostane ? _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

7. Verilo sa, že po úmrtí gazdu alebo gazdinej môže uhynúť dobytok včely ? Čo bolo treba spraviť, aby sa tak nestalo ? _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

8. Kedy dajú po prvý raz zvoniť za nebohého a ako často sa vôbec zvoní ? _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

9. Vyzváňalo sa rovnako mužovi, žene, dieťaťu ? ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

J. Práca a činnosť v dome a obci

1. Pokračovali práce v dome ako inokedy ? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. Mohlo sa v dome kde bol mŕtvy variť ? _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

3. Čo sa má alebo nemá robiť v obci keď znie umieráčik ? _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

K. Oplakávanie a stráženie

1. Nechávali pri zomrelom horieť svetlo ? ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. Verilo sa, že slzy nesmú padnúť na mŕtve telo ? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

3. Je známe v obci alebo bolo “vykladanie” nad nebohým ? oplakávanie, žalmy __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

4. Kto vykladal, príbuzná, najatá žena – plačka ? __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

5. Ako sa oznámilo príbuzným úmrtie ? _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

6. Kedy sa prichádzali ľudia pozrieť na nebohého ? _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

7. Akým spôsobom sa s ním lúčili ? _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

8. Čím pohostili ľudí, ktorí prišli večer k zomrelému a ako sa toto pohostenie nazývalo ? (nejde o Kar) _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

9. Bdelo sa v noci pri zomrelom a čo sa pri tom robilo ? _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

10. Ako si krátili čas pri mŕtvom ? ( modlitbami, spevom, hrami akými, rozprávaním o čom ) _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

11. Podľa čoho okoloidúci spoznali, že je v dome mŕtvy ? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

12. Ak si spomeniete môžete uviesť text žalmovej oplakávacej piesne, v prípade záujmu možnosť spracovania aj do zvukového záznamu. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

L. Pohreb

1. Bol v obci hrobár alebo si kopanie jamy zabezpečoval každý individuálne ? __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. Pochovali do riadnej jamy na cintoríne aj nepokrstené deti alebo mŕtvonarodené, zavraždených, samovrahov? _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

3. Čím sa odlišovali pohreby slobodnej dievky, slobodného mládenca od ostatných kto niesol ich truhlu, niesol sa za truhlou stromček a čim bol ozdobený ? _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

4. Čo sa hovorilo, ak sa pri kopaní jamy zrútila hlina do hrobu ? _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

5. Čo sa hovorilo ak do vykopanej jamy napršala voda ? _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

6. Ak bola svadba v čase keď bola na cintoríne vykopaná jama akú budúcnosť predpovedali mladému páru? ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

M. Začiatok pohrebu a vynášanie truhly

7. Ostával nebohý doma až do pohrebu ? ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

8. Ktorý deň a v akom čase býval pohreb ? _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

9. Akým spôsobom a kto pozýval ľudí na pohreb ? _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

10. Čo sa hovorilo keď niekto prišiel neskoro na pohreb ? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

11. Kto vynášal truhlu z domu a prečo sa nesmie niesť hlavou napred ? _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

12. Čo sa robilo aby s gazdom neodišlo z domu šťastie a majetok ? _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

13. Čo sa robilo pri vynášaní truhly, aby mal nebohý aj pozostalí pokoj ? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

14. Čo všetko sa muselo spraviť keď vyniesli mŕtveho z domu : pozatvárať obloky, dvere, prevrátiť stoličky, pozametať, vykropiť izbu svätenou vodou, obísť dom alebo izbu sviečkou alebo inou formou ohňa ? ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

N. Cesta na cintorín

1. Prečo sa zvonilo alebo nezvonilo keď išiel sprievod na cintorín ? _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. Aké je poradie v pohrebnom sprievode ? _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

3. Bývali v pohrebných sprievodoch muzikanti ? Kde boli zaradení ? ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

4. Kedy a čo hrali cestou na cintorín a späť ? _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

5. Sypali v pohrebnom sprievode za truhlou mak proso alebo iné zrno? _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

6. Smeli sa účastníci pohrebu obzerať ak nie prečo ? ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

7. Ako sa prenášala truhla na cintorín ? ručne vozom _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

8. Existujú nejaké pranostiky keď sa niekto zo sprievodu potkol, alebo sa stretli so svadobným sprievodom, alebo stretli bieleho koňa, alebo niečo podobné ? _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

9. Kto išiel za truhlou prvý, ako bol oblečený, a čo niesol v rukách ? _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

O. Na cintoríne

1. Aký je priebeh pohrebných obradov a rozlúčky na cintoríne? Čo sa pri tom hovorilo ? _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. Kto sa v mene príbuzných lúči so zosnulým a kedy ? Čo sa pri tom hovorilo ? _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

3. Bolo zvykom “ vykladať ” vyplakávať nad zosnulým ešte pred spustením truhly do hrobu ? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

4. Hádžu hlinu všetci alebo len príbuzní, prípadne naopak, len vzdialená rodina a cudzí a prečo ? Čo sa pri tom hovorilo ? _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

5. Čo dávali do hrobu ak sa báli, že mŕtvy bude chodiť po svete ? _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

6. Čo zasadili na hrob po pohrebe (kríž, stĺp , iný predmet ) ? _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

7. Obchádzali príbuzní okolo hrobu, keď bola jama zasypaná ? ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

P. Návrat z pohrebu

1. Čo má cestou z pohrebu urobiť človek, ktorý si myslí a bojí sa, že ho bude mŕtvi strašiť? _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. Vracalo sa z cintorína tou istou cestou ? _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

3. Dávali si ľudia pozor, aby nedoniesli hlinu z cintorína domov ? ______________________________________________________________________________